Occupational Migration in Rural India: Farming to Toto Driving

This book explores the socio-economic shift from traditional farming to Toto driving in rural and peri-urban India, highlighting the causes and impacts of this occupational migration. Toto, a battery-operated e-rickshaw, initially emerged in urban areas but has become a key public transport option across urban, peri-urban, and rural regions due to its eco-friendliness, affordability, and ability to generate moderate daily incomes of ?300-?500 in states like West Bengal. Through field research, the book examines the factors driving this transformation, including the declining profitability of agriculture and the seasonal nature of farming. It delves into the push and pull dynamics influencing rural youth and farmers to adopt Toto driving as a viable livelihood alternative. Offering insights into a significant socio-economic phenomenon, the book serves as a valuable resource for understanding occupational transitions in South Asia, appealing to researchers, policymakers, and global audiences interested in

sustainable livelihoods.lisher's text]

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