Philosophus et theologus simul : Roland of Cremona and the "Philosophical Turn" among Dominicans

Roland of Cremona (†1259) was the first Dominican theologian to engage systematically with the newly translated body of philosophical and scientific knowledge. He did so in his theological writings - a Summa in four books (12301234) and a still unedited Commentary on Job (12341236) - despite the prevailing opposition of his time: in the 30s of the 13th Century both the University of Paris and the Dominican Constitutions condemned the use of philosophical sources in theological genres. Nevertheless, Roland approached this integration with deliberate intent, playing a key role in initiating a philosophical shift that would come to define later generations of Dominicans. This paper examines the strategies Roland employed to incorporate philosophy into his theological project, with particular attention to his Commentary on Job-a work that has received little scholarly attention. It argues that Roland was a pioneering figure of his time by analysing the theological programme outlined in the prologues to his

works, his use of philosophy in biblical exegesis, and the ways in which his approach diverged from that of his Dominican contemporaries - especially Hugh of St. Cher. Ultimately, the paper contends that Roland was a pioneering figure in ushering in a "philosophical turn" within the Dominican Order, examining his influence on the thought of Humbert of Romans, the fifth General of the Order. [Publisher's text]