Aquaculture vs decarbonization through industrial symbiosis : the role of bivalve shell recycling

Findings show that biologically sourced precipitated CaCO₃ offers a competitive alternative to conventional sources, with rising market demand in high-value sectors. However, key barriers exist, including supply chain integration, regulatory complexity, and limited industrial adoption. The results of our analysis, conducted by interviewing a panel of experts, identified potential actions to address the challenges in accordance with industrial symbiosis models. The potential of the developed model was enhanced by integrating appropriate activities to optimize its implementation. [Publisher's Text]