Carbohydrate malabsorption and non-celiac gluten/wheat Sensitivity : the role of probiotic biomodulation

which improve upon gluten withdrawal. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to gluten, other wheat components, such as ATIs and FODMAPs, can contribute to symptom exacerbation. NCGS/WS is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and immune alterations. Although a gluten‐free diet is currently considered the only available therapeutic strategy, it may negatively impact gut microbiota and the bioavailability of minerals and vitamins. Recent research suggests the use of strain‐specific probiotics to improve fermentative dysbiosis, reducing gas‐producing species and enhancing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, gluten proteins, and micronutrients. In conclusion, an integrated approach combining a low‐FODMAP diet (LFD) with specific probiotics could be an effective strategy for managing carbohydrate malabsorption symptoms in FGID, restoring intestinal homeostasis, and counteracting associated microbial hyperfermentation. [Publisher's text]