2022 - Leo S. Olschki
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L'utopia cosmopolitica ed europea della pace
P. 158-180
- The article outlines two types of utopias: the first one concerns social and political transformations, both positive and negative, that are impossible to achieve in present-day society; the second type, anchored to concrete reality, prefigures some possible beneficial evolutions for society itself. The essay focuses on this second category, taking into consideration the specific cosmopolitan perspective. This standpoint is briefly summarized starting from ancient premises, passing through Dante's Middle Ages up to Kant's fundamental theorization on perpetual peace. In this context, the article underlines the creation of an international and global cosmopolitan structure. The genesis of the United Nations and the Declaration of Rights of 1945 and 1948 represent the establishment of a universal community including all States of the Earth.
- However, to this day, that universal community has heavy institutional limitations that prevent its complete realization. Finally, the essay takes into consideration the genesis and development of the European Union in its fundamental inspiring motives, the foremost of which being peace between European States. Subsequently, through time, the European Union has extended its action in fields such as the economy, currency, trade and human rights. The EU political and social course has been made possible thanks to a potentially federal institutional structure, which up to this day function by means of the European Parliament, the European Council and the Council of Ministers, the Commission and the Court of Justice.
- These institutions exercise the competences attributed to them by the European Treaties. These unprecedented characteristics allow to believe that the European Union can play in the present, and above all in the future, within the framework of the UN, a leading role in overcoming the exclusive sovereignty of national States. Thus, the EU can push in the direction of a cosmopolitan federation aimed at securing peace between nations, at overcoming future terrible global crises and at promoting the well-being of humanity. [k.w.: Europe, Peace, Utopia, Cosmopolitanism] [Publisher's text]
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DOI: 10.1400/292788
ISSN: 2035-7958